2019考研英语:盘点作文常考8类主题词

来源:网络浏览次数:8255发表于2018-12-13

[摘要] 英语考场上最痛苦的事情,可能就是作文要求看得懂,写作思路也清晰,但是,最核心的主题词不会写!大写的尴尬在脸上。一起复习一下那些常考作文主题词,临阵磨枪,又快又光。

  ►精神品质类(极重要)


  注:是考查频度最高的话题。是绝对的重点。


  team spirit:团队精神


  teamwork:团队合作


  strengthen mutual cooperation:增强相互合作


  cultivate the atmosphere of teamwork:形成团队精神


  patience:耐心


  prudence:谨慎


  persistence/perseverance:恒心/毅力/坚持 —— 对应:give up halfway(半途而废)


  endeavor:努力


  diligence/painstaking efforts:勤奋


  self-dependence/self-reliance/independence:自立


  innovation/creativity/critical thinking:创新


  self-confidence:自信(lack of confidence:缺乏自信)


  modesty:谦虚


  striving spirit:奋斗精神


  the spirit of competition:拼搏精神


  aggressive:有进取心的


  strong-willed:意志坚强的


  tireless:孜孜不倦的


  persevering:不屈不挠的


  consistent:始终如一的


  adversity and hardship:逆境和苦难


  a sense of achievement:成就感


  sense of honor:荣誉感


  entertain great ambitions:胸怀抱负


  reap without sowing:不劳而获


  haste makes waste:欲速则不达


  utilitarian:功利的,急功近利的


  actions:行动(take actions:付诸行动)


  down-to-earth:务实的


  thrift:勤俭


  honesty:诚信


  respect the old and care for the young:尊老爱幼


  curiosity:充满好奇


  spirit of the craftsman/craftsman's spirit/craftsmanship spirit:工匠精神


  striving for the best/striving for excellence:精益求精


  ►道德类(极重要)


  public morality:公德


  devotion/dedication:奉献


  charity:慈善


  duty/responsibility:责任


  sense of responsibility:责任感


  shoulder/assume/undertake one's duties/responsibility:承担责任


  avoid/shirk/shun one's duties/responsibility:逃避责任


  traditional virtues:传统美德


  practice filial piety:奉行孝道


  selfless devotion:无私奉献


  Patriotism:爱国主义


  comply with the law/observation of the law:遵守法律


  comply with public morality:遵守公德


  follow the morals:按道德行事


  improve public morals:改进社会风气


  safeguard public morals:维护公共道德


  injure public morality:损害公共道德


  be public-spirited:有公德心的


  the corruption of public morality:公德堕落


  the lack of moral sense:道德缺失


  the crisis of trust:信任危机


  spit everywhere:随地吐痰


  make noise/talk loudly:大声喧哗


  littering:乱丢垃圾


  empty promise:空洞承诺


  false promise:虚假承诺


  compete for benefits:争抢利益


  unfair competitions:不公平竞争


  consumers' rights and interests:消费者权益


  disregard the public rules:无视公共规章


  break/violate public regulations:违反公共规章


  benevolence:善心仁慈


  with heart and soul:全心全意


  amicable:友好的


  charitable:宽厚的


  credibility:信誉,美誉


  fake commodities:伪劣产品


  dishonest behaviors:欺诈行为


  unaffordable prices of medicines:药价虚高


  academic corruption:学术腐败


  plagiarism:剽窃抄袭


  excessive growth:过度上涨


  illegal ads:非法广告


  food safety:食品安全


  misdeed/misconduct:不良行为


  spirit of contact:契约精神


  volunteer/volunteering/volunteering service:志愿者/志愿者活动/志愿服务


  volunteer spirit:志愿者精神


  ►家庭类或两代关系类(重要)


  注:1992年以来,家庭类话题在英语()大作文中考过5次,是重要的考查话题。最近一次考的是在2016年。


  mutual understanding:相互理解


  aging society:老龄化社会


  population aging:人口老龄化


  generation gap:代沟


  widen/expand generation gap:扩大代沟


  narrow/bridge generation gap:消除代沟


  chauvinism:大男子主义


  career women:职业妇女


  domestic/family violence:家庭暴力


  foster/raise/breed/nurture/bring up:抚养


  household chores:繁杂家务


  spoil children/dote on children:溺爱孩子


  over-indulgence:纵容溺爱


  only child:独生子女


  the universal two-child policy:全面二孩政策


  例:The aging trend would be actively addressed by the universal two-child policy.(全面二孩政策将有效应对人口老龄化趋势)


  boomerang kids/the NEET group(NEET=Not currently engaged in Education, Employment or Training):啃老族


  a well-off family:小康之家


  nuclear famaily:核心家庭


  a single-parent family:单亲家庭


  one's later years/one's remaining years:晚年


  filial piety:孝道


  practice filial piety/fulfill filial duty:奉行孝道


  support(take care of/sustain) the elderly(the old/the aged/the senior/aged parents/the old and infirm parents):赡养老人


  show solicitude for parents:关心父母


  mistreat/ill-treat/maltreat parents:虐待父母


  cousin:堂兄妹,表兄妹


  offspring:后代,后辈


  ancestor:祖先


  heir:继承人


  ►环保类(重要)


  注:1992年以来,环保类话题在英语()大作文中已考过3次,是重要的考查话题。


  environment-friendly:生态环保的


  conserve natural habitats:保护生存环境


  animal rights activist:动物权益保护者


  natural reserve:自然保护区


  natural resources:自然资源


  energy conservation and environmental protection:节能环保


  biodiversity:生物多样性


  extinction:灭绝


  wind breaks:防风林


  sand breaks:防沙林


  climate change:气候变化


  greenhouse effect:温室效应


  threat of global warming:全球变暖的威胁


  develop renewable resources:开发可再生资源


  low-carbon economy:低碳经济


  low-carbon lifestyle:低碳生活方式


  environmental awareness:环境意识


  deforestation:森林消失


  landslide:山体滑坡


  biodegradable:可生物降解的


  environment-friendly(eco-friendly) products:环保产品


  household garbage:生活垃圾


  waste sorting/garbage classification:垃圾分类


  motor vehicle pollution:汽车尾气污染


  reduce exhaust emission from cars/automobiles:减少汽车尾气的排放


  low-emission cars:小排量汽车


  high-emission cars:大排量汽车


  public transport:公共交通


  green commuting:绿色出行


  water and soil erosion:水土流失


  soot emissions:烟尘排放


  sea water desalinization:海水淡化


  eco-demonstration region:生态示范区


  Nationally Designated Garden City:国家级园林城市


  create pleasant living environment:创造怡人的生活环境


  air pollution:空气污染


  degradation/deterioration of air quality:空气质量恶化


  discharge/emit poisonous/toxic gas:排放有毒气体


  acid rain:酸雨


  drought:干旱


  sandstorm:沙尘暴


  toxic waste:有毒废物


  industrial waste:工业废物


  sewage treatment:污水处理


  ►健康类


  注:只在19961997这两年考过。健康类话题英语()考查的可能性比较大。


  physical health/fitness/well-being:生理健康


  mental/psychological health/fitness/well-being:心理健康


  improve/enhance physical(psychological) health:增进生理(心理)健康


  hurt/damage physical(psychological)health:损害生理(心理)健康


  health concern:健康问题


  state of health:健康状况


  sub-health:亚健康


  public health:公共卫生


  state of mind:心态


  physical exercises:体育锻炼


  well-balanced diet:均衡饮食


  sacrifice health:牺牲健康


  junk food:垃圾食品


  food additives:食品添加剂


  go on a diet:节食,减肥


  arrhythmia:心律不齐


  indigestion:消化不良


  vaccinate:打疫苗


  infectious disease/illness:传染病


  chronic disease/illness:慢性病


  non-acclimatization:水土不服


  relapse:复发症


  stupor:昏迷


  nearsightedness/myopia/short-sightedness:近视


  malnutrition:营养不良


  chill:打冷战


  ►文化类(重要)


  注:文化类话题是英语()大作文的高频考查话题,1992年以来已考过4次,最近一次是在2010(文化火锅)。截至目前,已有7年未考了,2018考研务必重视这个话题。


  culture and civilization:文化和文明


  The cultural blending/integration/fusion:文化融合


  cultural exchanges/interaction/interchange:文化交流


  cultural diversity:文化多元化


  multiculturalism:多元文化


  cultural identity:文化特性


  cultural treasures:文化宝藏


  cultural heritage/legacy:文化遗产


  cultural relics:文物


  cultural facilities:文化设施


  cultural devolution:文化退化


  cultural insights:文化视角


  traditional Chinese culture/national culture:民族(传统)文化


  alien/foreign culture:外国文化


  Chinese cultural symbols:中国文化的符号


  advocate/carry forward traditional culture:弘扬传统文化


  preserve and cherish traditions:保存和珍惜传统


  undermine traditions:破坏传统


  great and profound:博大精深的


  public literature:大众文学


  light literature:通俗文学


  local customs and practices:风土人情


  cross-cultural communication:跨文化交流


  spiritual civilization:精神文明


  break with old customs:抛弃传统


  hand down from generation to generation:代代相传


  minority:少数民族


  national pride:民族自豪


  original:原始原创的


  charming:极具魅力的


  splendid:壮丽辉煌的


  talk show:谈话节目


  crash:碰撞


  collection:收藏品


  mahjong:麻将


  Peking/Beijing opera:京剧


  Tang Suit:唐装


  folk art:民间艺术


  paper-cut:剪纸


  Confucius Institute:孔子学院


  Chinese craze:中国热


  ►教育类


  注:教育类话题英语()考查的可能性比较大。


  compulsory education:义务教育


  life-long education:终身教育


  exam/test-oriented education:应试教育


  quality education:素质教育


  well-rounded development of a child:全面发展


  balanced development of a child:均衡发展


  cultural quality:文化素质


  impart knowledge and educate people:教书育人


  dropout student:失学儿童


  intellectual property:知识产权


  law education:法制教育


  teach students according to their aptitude:因材施教


  force-feeding method of teaching:填鸭式教学


  academic/theoretical knowledge:理论知识


  practical skills:实用技能


  integrate theory with practice:理论联系实际


  disconnect theory from practice:理论脱离实际


  shape/mould one's character:塑造性格


  extra-curricular activities:课外活动


  the spirit of exploration:探索精神


  cultivate (nurture, foster) creative/original thinking:培养创新思维


  stifle/constrain/extinguish creativity:扼杀创造力


  sap/dampen student's interest in sth.:挫伤学生对某事的兴趣


  opening ceremony:开学典礼


  key school:重点中学


  private school:私立学校


  public school:公立学校


  eliminate illiteracy:扫盲


  miss a class:缺课


  cut a class:旷课


  drop out:辍学


  quit school:退学


  assistantship:助学金


  scholarship:奖学金


  university graduates:大学毕业生


  pursue post-graduate study/take part in the entrance exams for postgraduates:考研


  study abroad/go abroad for further education:出国留学


  excessive/undue academic pressure:过大的学习压力


  the burden of study/learning:学习负担


  ease/relieve academic pressure:缓解学习压力


  intensify academic pressure:增强学习压力


  academic atmosphere:学习气氛


  ►经济类


  注:经济类话题英语()考查的可能性比较大。


  economic globalization:经济全球化


  recession/bleeding economy:经济不景气


  economic/financial crisis:经济/金融危机


  the fallout of economic/financial crisis:经济/金融危机的影响


  economic recovery:经济复苏


  economic prosperity:经济繁荣


  spur/stimulate economic development:刺激经济发展


  hinder/impede economic development:阻碍经济发展


  job market:就业市场


  look for/hunt for/seek a job:找工作


  job seeker:求职者


  a tough job market:严峻的就业形势


  unrealistic salary expectations:不切实际的薪资期望


  pursue a high-paid job:追求高薪工作


  without/lack of practical experience/hands-on experience/practical abilities/vocational skills/career skills:没有或缺乏实践经验/实践能力/职业技能


  lose one's job/be unemployed:失业


  job losses mount, unemployment climbs:失业加剧


  unemployment:失业人数


  generate/create/afford job opportunities/employment opportunities:创造/提供就业机会


  career guidance:就业指导


  decline/recession/depression:萎缩/衰退/萧条


  bubble economy:泡沫经济


  demand exceed supply:供不应求


  turn loss into gains:转亏为盈


  stabilize prices:稳定物价


  unfair competition:不正当竞争


  fierce/intense/furious/cut-throat competition:激烈竞争


  fake and inferior product:假冒伪劣产品


  after-sale service:售后服务


  enterprise image:企业形象


  brand effect:品牌效应


  over-consuming:超前消费


  reduce the funding for...:减少经费


  lift/elevate people's standard of living:提高人们的生活水平


  lower citizens' standard of living:降低居民生活水平


  eliminate poverty:消除贫困


  expand the gap between the wealthy and the needy:扩大贫富差距


  increase/expand domestic demand:扩大内需


  spur/stimulate consumption:刺激消费


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